Substantive Equality
Substantive Equality – an approach to equality that seeks to ensure not only equal rights and formal treatment but also genuinely equal opportunities, access, participation, and outcomes by addressing structural disadvantages and the unequal conditions affecting different social groups.
Substantive equality recognizes that identical treatment may reproduce inequality when people begin from unequal social positions. It may therefore require targeted support, reasonable accommodation, affirmative action, quotas, or other temporary special measures designed to remove barriers and achieve effective equality.
See also: Formal Equality, Affirmative Action, Gender Equality, Gender Equity.
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