Gender Pay Gap
Gender pay gap – also referred to as the gender wage gap – is the difference between the average earnings of men and women.
For example, in Ukraine, in the third quarter of 2018, women’s wages were on average 23.9% lower than men’s wages: UAH 7,921 compared with UAH 10,411. However, in some areas of professional activity, the gender pay gap exceeded 35%. In postal and courier activities, women’s wages were 38.5% lower than men’s; in financial and insurance activities, the gap was 37%; and in arts, sports, entertainment, and recreation, it reached 36.7%.
The smallest wage gaps were observed in administrative and support service activities, where the difference was 2.1%; in libraries, archives, museums, and other cultural institutions, where it was 4.6%; in public administration, defence, and compulsory social security, where it was 4.8%; and in education, where it was 8.6%.
As a rule, the gender pay gap is explained by the fact that women and men occupy different positions within the same profession. For example, in 2015, women accounted for 67.5% of managers and men for 32.5%. However, the majority of women managers were employees and officials of the fifth and sixth categories. An analysis of the distribution of women and men in managerial positions by category shows that the number of women decreases as the rank of the position increases. Thus, among managers of the first to third categories, women accounted for only 13.7%.
References:
Derzhavna sluzhba statystyky Ukrainy. (n.d.). Ofitsiinyi veb-sait Derzhavnoi sluzhby statystyky Ukrainy [Official website of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine]. Retrieved from http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/ [in Ukrainian].
PROON Ukraina. (2017, September). Zhinky ta choloviky na kerivnykh posadakh v Ukraini: Statystychnyi analiz vidkrytykh danykh YeDRPOU [Women and men in leadership positions in Ukraine: A statistical analysis of open USREOU data]. Retrieved from http://www.un.org.ua/images/documents/4531/Women_and_Men_in-Leadership_Position.pdf [in Ukrainian].
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